- MRI:
- A scan that uses a strong magnet and radio waves (no X-rays) to make detailed pictures of the inside of the body.
- Contrast (post-contrast):
- A dye given during the scan that can make certain tissues or blood vessels stand out; images taken after it are called post-contrast.
- T2 signal:
- One type of MRI image setting; fluid tends to look bright and some tissue changes show as brighter or darker areas.
- FLAIR / diffusion-weighted:
- Special MRI image settings used to highlight certain changes in brain tissue.
- Enhancement:
- When a tissue brightens after contrast dye is given, which radiologists use as a clue about what it may be.
- Disc (intervertebral disc):
- The soft cushion between two vertebrae that acts as a shock absorber.
- Disc bulge:
- When the edge of a disc extends slightly beyond its normal boundary.
- Thecal sac:
- The fluid-filled sleeve that surrounds and protects the spinal cord and nerves.
- Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF):
- The clear fluid that surrounds and cushions the brain and spinal cord.
- Endplate:
- The bony surface at the top and bottom of each vertebra that borders the disc.
- Vertebral body:
- The main block-shaped part of a spine bone that bears weight.
- Wedge / wedge-shaped vertebra:
- A vertebra that has lost height more at the front, giving it a wedge outline.
- Kyphosis / kyphotic angulation:
- A forward (backward-convex) bend of the spine; here it is described as sharper than usual at one point.
- Marrow signal:
- The appearance of the spongy tissue inside bone on MRI; uneven signal can be a clue radiologists investigate.
- Ventricles:
- Normal fluid-filled spaces inside the brain.
- Sulci / gyri:
- The grooves (sulci) and ridges (gyri) on the brain's surface.
- Cortex / cortical ribbon:
- The thin outer layer of the brain made of nerve-cell bodies.
- Sellar / suprasellar region:
- The area of the pituitary gland at the base of the brain and the space just above it.
- Pituitary fossa:
- The small bony hollow at the skull base that holds the pituitary gland.
- Paranasal sinuses:
- Air spaces in the bones around the nose, including the ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary (cheek) sinuses.
- Maxillary sinus:
- The air space in the cheekbone, one of the sinuses around the nose.
- Prevertebral / paravertebral:
- The region in front of (prevertebral) or alongside (paravertebral) the spine.
- Mediastinum:
- The central part of the chest between the lungs, containing the heart, large vessels, and other structures.
- Subcutaneous:
- Just beneath the skin.
- Mass effect:
- Pressure from something that pushes on or shifts nearby structures.