- MRI:
- Magnetic resonance imaging — a scan that uses a strong magnet and radio waves (no X-rays) to make detailed pictures of soft tissue and bone.
- Meniscus:
- A C-shaped pad of cartilage inside the knee that cushions and stabilizes the joint. There is one on the inner side and one on the outer side.
- Cruciate ligaments (ACL and PCL):
- Two ligaments that cross in the center of the knee and help keep it stable. ACL is the anterior (front) one; PCL is the posterior (back) one.
- Collateral ligaments:
- Ligaments on the inner and outer sides of the knee that provide side-to-side stability.
- Effusion / joint fluid:
- Fluid inside a joint. A small amount is normal, but extra fluid can be a sign of irritation or injury.
- Edema:
- Swelling caused by fluid building up in tissue.
- Subchondral bone:
- The layer of bone just beneath the cartilage surface of a joint.
- Bone marrow:
- The soft tissue inside bones; MRI can show changes in its signal that may reflect various processes.
- Ossicle:
- A small separate piece of bone.
- Popliteal region:
- The area at the back of the knee.
- Fibular head:
- The top of the fibula, the smaller of the two lower-leg bones, located toward the outer side.
- Patellofemoral:
- Relating to how the kneecap (patella) sits and moves against the groove of the thigh bone.
- Retinaculum:
- A band of tissue that helps hold the kneecap in position.
- Growth plate (physis):
- An area of developing cartilage near the ends of bones in people who are still growing; it later turns to bone once growth is complete.
- High-signal / fluid-bright:
- Areas that appear bright on certain MRI images, often indicating fluid.
- Cyst:
- A fluid-filled sac that can form in or near tissues; can be harmless but sometimes needs follow-up.