- MRI:
- A scan that uses a strong magnet and radio waves (no X-rays) to make detailed pictures of the body.
- Sequence / series:
- One type of MRI picture. The same body part is imaged several ways to highlight different things.
- FLAIR:
- An MRI picture type that dims normal brain fluid so that areas of inflammation or small signal changes show up more easily.
- Diffusion / ADC map:
- MRI images that track how water moves in tissue. A 'restricted diffusion' pattern can appear with a recent stroke.
- Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) / phase images:
- MRI picture types sensitive to blood products and iron, used mainly to spot tiny bleeds; phase images are a processed version of the same data.
- Contrast (post-contrast):
- Images taken after a dye is given through a vein, which can make certain vessels or abnormal areas light up.
- Gray matter / white matter:
- The two main tissue types of the brain; the boundary between them is checked for clarity and symmetry.
- Ventricles:
- Fluid-filled spaces inside the brain. They are checked for size, symmetry and position.
- Midline shift:
- Sideways displacement of the brain's center line, which can occur with pressure or swelling; 'no shift' means the center line is where expected.
- Brainstem / cerebellum / vermis:
- The lower and back parts of the brain that control balance, coordination and vital functions.
- Gyri and sulci:
- The folds (gyri) and grooves (sulci) on the surface of the brain.
- Dural venous sinus:
- Large channels that drain blood from the brain, such as the superior sagittal sinus.
- Microbleed:
- A very small area of old bleeding in the brain, seen as a tiny dark spot on susceptibility images.
- Susceptibility effect / artifact:
- A normal loss of signal where air meets tissue (for example next to the sinuses), which can mimic or hide findings.
- Turbinates:
- The normal folded lining tissue inside the nasal passages.