- MRI:
- Magnetic resonance imaging — a scan that uses a strong magnet and radio waves (no X-rays) to make detailed pictures of soft tissues, bone, and fluid.
- Intra-articular / joint recess:
- 'Intra-articular' means inside the joint. A 'recess' is a pouch or space within the joint where fluid can collect.
- Fluid-signal / fluid-bright:
- On this type of MRI, fluid shows up very bright. Describing something as 'fluid-signal' means it looks like fluid on the images.
- Femoral condyle:
- One of the two rounded knobs at the lower end of the thigh bone (femur) that form part of the knee joint.
- Tibial plateau:
- The flat top surface of the shin bone (tibia) that meets the thigh bone in the knee.
- Meniscus:
- A C-shaped pad of cartilage that cushions and stabilizes the knee, one on the inner side and one on the outer side.
- Cartilage:
- The smooth, slippery covering on the ends of bones that lets the joint move easily; when it thins, the bones sit closer together.
- Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL):
- A strong band inside the knee that helps keep it stable; 'cruciate' ligaments cross each other in the center of the joint.
- Subchondral:
- The layer of bone that lies just beneath the cartilage on a joint surface.
- Bone marrow signal:
- The appearance of the soft tissue inside the bone on MRI; changes in this signal can reflect irritation, injury, or other processes.
- Extrusion (of meniscus):
- When the meniscus is pushed out past the normal edge of the bone rather than sitting fully within the joint.
- Popliteal region:
- The area at the back of the knee.
- Periarticular / parapatellar:
- 'Periarticular' means around the joint; 'parapatellar' means beside the kneecap (patella).
- Neurovascular structures:
- Nerves and blood vessels; behind the knee these include the main artery and vein.
- Infrapatellar fat pad:
- A soft cushion of fat located just below the kneecap at the front of the knee.
- Edema-like signal:
- Bright areas on MRI that can suggest fluid or swelling within tissue.